1894: 14,000 federal and state troops put down the strike against the Pullman Palace Car Co., which had been peaceful until July 5 when federal troops intervened in Chicago.
1902: A powerful explosion rips through the Rolling Mill coal mine in Johnstown, Pa., killing 112 miners, 83 of whom were immigrants from Poland and Slovakia
1916: The San Francisco Chamber of Commerce holds a mass meeting to organize what was to become a frontal assault on union strength and the closed shop.
1946: Sidney Hillman, who led the Amalgamated Clothing Workers, was a key figure in the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations and was a close advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, dies at age 59.
Want Labor history sent to your inbox every week? Sign up for our free newsletter!